Meeting Treatment Goals in Patients on Extramural Dialysis in Health Social Security in Mexico.

INTRODUCTION: For the majority of renal replacement therapy history, the main treatment option for patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in Mexico has been peritoneal dialysis. However, the use of hemodialysis is overwhelmingly increasing, driving public health care institutions to subrogate this service. Even when the actual hiring model for subrogation is accurate, there is a lack of quality control points in the hemodialysis prescription, poor adherence to clinical practice guidelines, and a few or no record of outcomes in hemodialysis patients of these subrogated services. The objective of this work is to fill this information gap to allow for uniform and safe hemodialysis for patients of Mexico. MATERIAL AND METHODS: An observational and cross-sectional study was performed, including all patients receiving chronic hemodialysis treatment in subrogated units of Mexican Social Security Institute (IMSS) in the northern region of Mexico City. Clinical and biochemical data as well as hemodialysis dose by Kt/V and urea reduction rate were collected and evaluated. To determine distribution, mean or median and SD or interquartile range were used; for nominal variables, the difference in proportions was estimated using the χ2 test; proportions were analyzed for biochemical values using the statistical package SPSS version 25. RESULTS: In our study, >60% (485) of the patients were anemic with an average hemoglobin of 9.39 mg/dL (SD ± 1.83); serum calcium was found below 8.4 mg/dL in 51.3% (383) of patients, and only in 45.8% (342) was at an optimal level of this parameter. Only 33.5% of patients have arteriovenous fistula for dialysis access. The hemodialysis dose was optimal in >75% of patients. CONCLUSIONS: It is necessary to enhance and monitor treatment of comorbidities in patients with ESRD in subrogated hemodialysis units in México. We observed adequate prescription of hemodialysis in a majority of patients, achieving quality control points for removal of nitrogen products. Yet, there is a lack of quality control of comorbidities; therefore, we should aim to optimize treatment for mineral-bone disorder, anemia, and nutritional status.

[Modification of health-related quality of life in kidney transplant recipients]. / Modificación de la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud en receptores de trasplante renal.

INTRODUCTION: The assessment of health-related quality of life is essential to renal replacement therapies. We conducted a study to evaluate the change in quality of life at 6 and 12 months after renal transplantation and compared with healthy population and general population. METHODS: A prospective study in 278 renal transplant recipients using the SF-36 survey at 0, 6 and 12 months after transplantation. The results were compared with those obtained in healthy population (kidney donors) and general population. Student t test was employed for comparisons of means. A value of p<0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: The quality of life before transplantation was lower than that observed in healthy population and the general population (p<0.001). At 6 months of transplantation significant improvement over the baseline measurement (p<0.001) in the 8 domains and the two composite scales was obtained, but at 12 months, an additional benefit was not observed. The quality of life of recipients at 12 months of transplant was lower only in the concept of general health (p=0.035) compared with healthy population. However, it was higher than general population in physical and mental composite scales (p=0.013 and p=0.001 respectively). CONCLUSIONS: The health related quality of life improved significantly at 6 and 12 months after renal transplantation, achieving equated healthy population and general population.

Introducción: la evaluación de la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud es fundamental en las terapias de reemplazo renal. Realizamos un estudio para evaluar la modificación en la calidad de vida a los 6 y 12 meses del trasplante renal y compararla con población sana y población general. Métodos: se realizó un estudio prospectivo en 278 receptores renales aplicando la encuesta SF-36 a los 0, 6 y 12 meses del trasplante. Los resultados fueron comparados con los obtenidos en población sana (donantes renales) y población general. Se empleó prueba t de student para realizar las comparaciones de medias. Una p < 0.05 fue considerada estadísticamente significativa.Resultados: la calidad de vida previa al trasplante fue inferior a la observada en población sana y población general (p < 0.001). A los 6 meses de trasplante se obtuvo mejoría significativa con respecto a la medición basal (p < 0.001) en los 8 dominios y las dos escalas compuestas, pero a los 12 meses no se observó un beneficio adicional. La calidad de vida de los receptores a los 12 meses de trasplante fue inferior solo en el concepto de salud general (p = 0.035) al compararse con la población sana. No obstante, fue superior a la población general en las escalas compuestas física y mental (p = 0.013 y p = 0.001 respectivamente).Conclusiones: la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud mejora significativamente a los 6 y 12 meses del trasplante renal, logrando equipararse con población sana y población general.

Nanoparticles vs cancer: a multifuncional tool.

Nanotechnology is revolutionizing the development of different branches of science. The investigation of nanomaterials in the battle against cancer is not an exception. The main goal of this contribution is to bring an overview about the types of organic and inorganic nanomaterials that are under investigation for its applications in different aspects of cancer therapy: detection, diagnosis, contrast agents, controlled drug delivery, and hyperthermia. This review also includes fundamental aspects such as basic properties and synthesis of nanoparticles, with an emphasis on the use of selfassembed systems such as micelles, microemulsions, nanoemulsions, and liposomes.

Prevalence and risk factors of hepatitis C virus, hepatitis B virus, and human immunodeficiency virus in multiply transfused recipients in Mexico.

BACKGROUND: Transfusion-transmitted viral infection (TTI) is a major problem in patients receiving blood products. Monitoring high-risk patients is essential for assessing the epidemiology of blood-borne infections. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: A 1-year, cross-sectional seroprevalence study in patients with a history of multiple transfusions was conducted. Peripheral blood samples were titered to detect serologic markers of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), and hepatitis C virus (HCV). The presence of these viruses and demographic, behavioral, and medical traits were assessed. RESULTS: A total of 300 male and female multiply transfused patients with a mean age of 30.7 (+/-17.5) years were studied. The prevalence was 13.7% for HCV, 7% for HBV, and 1.7% for HIV. Patients with hemophilia had the highest prevalence for HCV and HIV infections, and hemodialyzed patients, for HBV infection. The risk factors related to acquired HCV were hemophilia (odds ratio [OR], 5.6; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.5-12.6), more than five hospitalizations (OR, 3.8; 95% CI, 1.6-8.9), and having received a transfusion before mandatory screening in 1993 (OR, 8.4; 95% CI, 2.0-34.6), and for HIV, having received a transfusion before 1987 (OR, 19.0; 95% CI, 2.0-177.7). The main risk factors for HBV were having end-stage renal disease and being treated with hemodialysis (OR, 3.7; 95% CI, 1.4-9.9) and transplantation (OR, 4.2; 95% CI, 1.4-12.1). CONCLUSIONS: This study showed that HCV infection was more frequently identified than HBV and HIV infections in multiply transfused Mexican patients. Additionally, several risk factors are associated with TTI such as mandatory screenings before 1987 and 1993, which were the most important for HIV and HCV infections but not for HBV.